Reference material
- python.org | Official Python Website
- Matlab<>Python 1 | Table showing syntax differences between Matlab and Python
- Matlab<>Python 2 | Table showing syntax differences between Matlab and Python
- Matlab<>Python <>R | Table showing syntax differences between Matlab, Python and R
Tutorials and documentation
- UBC’c Tutorials | Series of Jupyter Notebooks
Packages and libraries
Ocean modelling
- Salish Sea Documentation and Repository| Great resources from UBC
- PyDOM | Implements various diagnostics for NEMO ocean model output.
- OCTANT | Ocean C-grid model setup and analysis toolkit. Tools for ROMS and GETM. Replaces PyROMS.
Tides
- ttide_py | A direct conversion of Matlab’s T_Tide to Python (from Mitchell O’Flaherty-Sproul)
- UTide | Python distribution of the MatLab package UTide (from Wesley Bowman)
- PySeidon | Standardized numerical toolbox gathering specific analysis functions for measured and simulated data (FVCOM model) to the EcoEII partners
Seawater properties
- Seawater Library for Python and it’s Documentation
- Seawater package
- cbsyst – module for calculating seawater carbon and boron chemistry
Other Ocean tools
- IOOS Repository | US Integrated Ocean Observing System
Scientific visualization and data analysis
- PyNGL & PyNIO | NOAA package for visualization and data analysis
- Oceanography Colormaps
Other websites with lists of links
- Rob Hetland’s links | List of links
- Blog (Python4Oceanographers) and GitHub Repository of Filipe Fernandes (ocefpaf)
- Bjørn Ådlandsvik links | List of links
Other websites of interest
- PyAOS | Python for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (Johnny Lin)
Older links (from a while ago)
- docs.python.org | Official Python Documentation
- Glossary | Official python glossary
- Matplotlib Gallery | Thumbnails of plots doable with Matplotlib (also colormaps1, 2, 3)
- Official Tutorial | Tutorial from the official python documentation website
- Tutorial | Tutorial from tutorialspoint
- Google’s Python Class | …and YouTube Videos: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
- Spyder Doc | Documentation for Spyder, a Matlab-looking python interface
- OOFE | Python engine to control the daily execution of ocean model ROMS in operational mode
- soda2roms | Creates climatology, initial, and boundary files for ROMS
- SEAPY | List of links
Ocean Python 
Should add Codecademny as a tutorial reference:
http://www.codecademy.com/tracks/python
Useful site that includes a selection of algorithms in multiple languages (including R, python, Matlab, C, etc)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Rosetta_Code
MIT Open Courseware for Intro to Programming (Python)
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-00sc-introduction-to-computer-science-and-programming-spring-2011/
I just found a post elsewhere pointing to a bunch of useful links. The second below would be especially useful for current matlab users looking to tryout python.
Python Scientific Lecture Notes
http://scipy-lectures.github.com/
Numpy Guide for Matlab users
http://www.scipy.org/NumPy_for_Matlab_Users
The Python g-node also organises a yearly summer school on scientific programming with Python. All the lecture presentations are available on the website.
Advanced Scientific Programming in Python (St Andrews 2011 Course)
https://python.g-node.org/wiki/schedule
MIT open course ware
6.189 A Gentle Introduction to Programming Using Python
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-189-a-gentle-introduction-to-programming-using-python-january-iap-2008/
How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python 2nd Edition
http://openbookproject.net/thinkCSpy/
There are also some books on scientific Python programming published by Springer:
http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-02474-0
http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-540-73915-9